The Impact of More,Better, Faster,Cheaper: How the PCC Influenced Everything That Followed     

Carol G. Hixson 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2020,58(3-4):294-302

Abstract

The beginnings and the early years of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) had a profound impact on the approach taken to cataloging in North America and around the world. The commitment to standards, cooperation, and expanded access also had an impact that went far beyond cataloging operations. One library dean traces the evolution of her vision and contemplates how the PCC’s principles have shaped her entire career and have affected the libraries in which she has worked.  相似文献   

Predicting the early growth of word and nonword reading fluency in a consistent syllabic orthography     

Tomohiro Inoue  George K. Georgiou  Naoko Muroya  Miyuki Hosokawa  Hisao Maekawa  Rauno Parrila 《Journal of Research in Reading》2020,43(3):364-381

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Reliably Assessing Growth with Longitudinal Diagnostic Classification Models     

Matthew J. Madison 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(2):68-78

Recent advances have enabled diagnostic classification models (DCMs) to accommodate longitudinal data. These longitudinal DCMs were developed to study how examinees change, or transition, between different attribute mastery statuses over time. This study examines using longitudinal DCMs as an approach to assessing growth and serves three purposes: (1) to define and evaluate two reliability measures to be used in the application of longitudinal DCMs; (2) through simulation, demonstrate that longitudinal DCM growth estimates have increased reliability compared to longitudinal item response theory models; and (3) through an empirical analysis, illustrate the practical and interpretive benefits of longitudinal DCMs. A discussion describes how longitudinal DCMs can be used as practical and reliable psychometric models when categorical and criterion‐referenced interpretations of growth are desired.  相似文献   

中国体育用品出口增长的三元边际及其影响因素     

司增绰  周坤  吴兆红 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(4):41-48

基于CEPⅡ BACI数据库提供的2008-2016年HS-07-6位数国际贸易数据，利用三元边际理论框架实证分析了中国体育用品出口的增长特征及其影响因素。研究发现：中国体育用品出口的种类非常全面，但其出口增长方式主要表现为粗放式增长，价格增长的推动作用表现疲软；可变贸易成本、汇率波动、共同边界、共同语言是影响中国体育用品出口增长价格边际的主要因素，而关税和汇率波动则是影响中国体育用品出口增长数量边际的主要因素。最后，提高体育用品制造业创新能力、注重体育用品品质升级在一定程度上可防范中国体育用品出口的"贫困化增长"。  相似文献   

低负荷加压训练改善自发性高血压大鼠的血压效果及机制研究     

谭朝文  赵彦  俞莹莹  马晓缓  郑玉婵 《体育科学》2020,(3):46-53,63

目的:探究低负荷加压训练对自发性高血压大鼠的降压效果及其作用机制。方法:选取4周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠,随机分为对照组(高血压安静组)、低负荷训练组、低负荷加压训练组和高负荷训练组。低负荷训练组进行35%~55%1RM递进式低负荷爬梯训练,低负荷加压训练组进行30%~40%血流受限结合35%~55%1RM递进式低负荷爬梯训练,高负荷训练组进行55%~75%1RM递进式高负荷爬梯训练,训练后测定血压、血液中内皮素-1、血管内皮生长因子、一氧化氮合成酶的表达和心肌组织中内皮型一氧化氮合成酶的表达。结果:1)与对照组、高负荷训练组相比,低负荷加压训练组收缩压、舒张压显著下降(P<0.05);与低负荷训练组相比,低负荷加压训练组舒张压显著下降(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,低负荷加压训练组血液中内皮素-1表达显著下调(P<0.05),血管内皮生长因子和一氧化氮合成酶表达显著上调(P<0.05);3)与对照组相比,低负荷加压训练组心肌中内皮型一氧化氮合成酶表达显著上调(P<0.05);4)在低负荷加压训练组中,收缩压与内皮素-1呈正相关,相关性分析具有统计学意义(P<0.05);收缩压与一氧化氮合成酶、血管内皮生长因子、内皮型一氧化氮合成酶均呈负相关,相关性分析具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:1)低负荷加压训练降压效果优于高负荷训练;2)低负荷加压训练能够通过下调血液中内皮素-1的表达,上调血液中血管内皮生长因子和一氧化氮合成酶的表达,同时上调心肌中内皮型一氧化氮合成酶表达,改善内皮细胞功能,达到降压的效果。  相似文献   

Difficulties and reasonable adjustments carried out by Spanish faculty members to include students with disabilities     

Anabel Moria  Víctor H. Perera  Noelia Melero 《British Journal of Special Education》2020,47(1):6-23

This study focuses on the experience of 20 Spanish faculty members who teach students with disabilities. We conducted semi‐structured individual and group interviews, and analysed the data using an inductive system of categories and codes. The results of this work describe the difficulties that faculty members encountered when including students with disabilities, and how they attended, through reasonable adjustments, to the educational needs of their students. Their testimonies produced a profile of professionals who recognise their own shortcomings while valuing the actions that they have undertaken in order to meet the needs of their students. From their perspective, these actions were more closely linked to their own willingness and the students’ efforts than to the training they had received on disability. In this sense, the present study shows that universities must provide more meaningful training in the field of disability and make firm institutional commitments to supporting their faculty members.  相似文献   

The effectiveness of a special school experience for improving preservice teachers’ efficacy to teach children with special educational needs and disabilities     

Janine K. Coates  Jo Harris  Michael Waring 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(5):909-928

Increasingly, preservice teachers are required to demonstrate their ability to effectively cater for the needs of a diverse range of learners, including those with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Higher education institutions (HEI) delivering teacher education programmes are responsible for promoting the development of inclusive practices. This multi-method study assessed the effectiveness of a special school experience for preservice teachers at one HEI in England. A total population sample of 48 preservice teachers completed self-efficacy questionnaires at three time points during their training; and 13 took part in qualitative semi-structured interviews towards the end of the study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) findings from the questionnaire data showed that the experience had a significant positive impact on preservice teachers’ self-efficacy, improving knowledge, understanding and confidence to teach inclusively. A thematic analysis of the qualitative findings revealed that the experience challenged preservice teacher expectations about learners with SEND, developing understanding about learner needs and effective differentiation. This article concludes with recommendations for effective inclusion training for preservice teachers.  相似文献   

Exploring the work and learning stories of para‐teachers in a college for further education in England     

Benita McLachlan 《Support for Learning》2014,29(3):230-243

This paper reports findings from a research project which developed and introduced the Enhanced Learning Support Assistant Programme (ELSAP). This was a source of professional development for learning support assistants who were supporting students with additional learning needs in a college for further education in England. The purpose of this paper is to share findings from the project and to report on how learning support assistants experienced their work in inclusive college classrooms. The research project was a mixed methods study with participants drawn from learning support assistants within one college for further education in England. Data was collected throughout the 14‐week intervention. Findings indicate that issues exist around the uniqueness of the vocational curriculum and the implications this has for classroom support. It also shows how conflicting classroom procedures can generate feelings of confusion and how learning support workers often feel lonely in their role with no natural opportunity to mix with others. Furthermore, it indicates how a general lack of knowledge about teaching and learning contribute to them experiencing difficulty when performing their role which feed their views that a college for further education can be a complex and hostile environment to work in.  相似文献   

Isolation and aspiration: Deaf adults reflect on the educational legacy of special schooling     

Hannah Anglin-Jaffe 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(6):1468-1486

This small-scale, qualitative study invited deaf adults to reflect on their schooling and to consider the ways in which placement decisions impacted their educational opportunities, achievement and identity. It aimed to document the experiences of deaf adults who had attended special schools for deaf children and to elicit their thoughts on the current state of education for deaf children and their hopes for the future. The findings, based on the participants’ narratives, alluded to current debates about the growing numbers of young deaf children in mainstream schools and the impact of this trend on the changing nature of Deaf culture. They also explored a tension around the balancing of the need for deaf children to access Deaf culture and sign language, whilst maintaining the positive achievements of inclusive practice, including raised expectations, family and community belonging, and high academic achievement. This article advances a possible solution to this tension in the form of deaf-centric community hubs.  相似文献   

The discrete charm of the bourgeoisie: quantum and continuous perspectives on innovation and growth     

Gerald Silverberg 《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)

This paper discusses the relative merits of discrete versus continuous perspectives on innovation, technical change, and economic growth. It discusses the innovation time series literature in some detail to extract the continuous and clustering properties of the historical record on innovation. It then proposes a mosaic/avalanche model based on percolation theory and self-organized criticality to address this question.  相似文献